CLARIFYING THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL THROUGH ITS THREE PERSPECTIVES: INDIVIDUALISTIC, COMMUNITARIAN AND MACROSOCIAL

Clarifying the concept of social capital through its three perspectives: individualistic, communitarian and macrosocial

The concept of social capital has received increasing attention in recent years.The complexity and multidimensionality that accompany the variable of social capital have caused confusion and ambiguity.This article presents a synthesis of social capital in three perspectives.From the individualistic or micro-social perspective, social capital is an

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Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Affects the Carbohydrate and Lobetyolin Metabolism Regulated by Salicylic Acid in the Soilless Cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula

Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, an endophytic fungus isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, influences salicylic acid (SA) levels.The interaction mechanism between SA and P.chrysanthemicola within C.pilosula remains elusive.To elucidate this, an experiment was conducted with four treatments: sterile water (CK), P.chrysanthemicola (FG), SA, and

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